Writing in The Book of Otaku (1989), feminist Chizuko Ueno argued that lolicon, as an orientation towards fictional bishōjo, is “completely different from pedophilia”

and characterized it as a desire to “be part of the ‘cute’ world of shōjo” for male fans of shōjo manga who “find it too much to be a man”.

Cultural anthropologist Christine Yano argues that eroticized imagery of the shōjo, “real or fictive”, reflects “heteronormative pedophilia” in which emphasis is placed on the ephemerality of childhood:

“it is as child that [the shōjo] becomes precious as a transitory figure threatened by impending adulthood”

Concept-in-becoming

ATTENTION ECONOMY

attention_economy_feb.pdf

Anthropologist Patrick Galbraith cites Morikawa Kaichirō, who argues that the term came from internet message boards such as NIFTY-Serve and Tokyo BBS in the 1990s, from fans discussing bishõjo (beautiful girl) characters. Galbraith argues that

the south of the south

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Observer Effect

moe has its roots in the development of bishõjo characters in Japanese subcultures in the 1970s and 80s. This was exemplified in the lolicon boom of the 1980s, a “fertile ground” for the “budding desire for fictional characters”.

Underground Historians

Infrastructure

This conviction of history’s importance drives a movement of underground historians that has slowly gained momentum over the past twenty years.

Counterhistory

I call these people historians as a shorthand for a broad group of some of China’s brightest minds: university professors, independent filmmakers, underground magazine publishers, novelists, artists, and journalists.

Soft Burial

When people die and their bodies are buried under the earth without the protection of coffins, this burial is called a “soft burial”; as for the living, when they seal off their past, cut off their roots, reject their memories,

either consciously or subconsciously, their lives are soft buried in time. Once they are in a soft burial, their lives will be disconnected in amnesia.

人死之后没有棺材护身，肉体直接葬于泥土，这是一种软埋；而一个活着的人，以决绝的心态屏蔽过去，封存来处，放弃往事，拒绝记忆，无论是下意识，还是有意识，都是被时间在软埋。一旦软埋，或许就是生生世世，永无人知。

Feminist Lens

Chinese migration to the US has a long and fraught history. In the 19th century, Chinese laborers were recruited to work on the US railroads, only to face discrimination. Their immigration was severely curtailed in 1882, when President Chester A. Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act,

automation bias

Moreover, if the data set used to train the algorithm is imbalanced—more male faces than female ones, or more white faces than Black ones—the model may perform worse for some demographic groups.

Jonathan Frankle, a neural-networks specialist who has researched facial-recognition technology, told me, “As with all things in machine learning, you’re only as good as your data.

the first US law to restrict immigration. The barriers it created lasted in various forms for another 80 years, one of America’s great historical injustices.

If my training data heavily represents a certain group, my model will likely be more reliable at assessing members of that group, because that’s what it saw.”

we don’t really know how it operates, but we know that people much smarter than us created it. There’s a tendency to place trust in a system that we don’t fully understand.”

Mythologizing

Data from the Department of Homeland Security shows the number of people with passports from mainland China crossing the US border without the proper paperwork has more than doubled in recent years.

“Every person I talk to has a job waiting,” Schultz said. The more well-off tell him that they combined their journey to the US with a vacation in Cancun. All follow a well-trodden path laid out on Chinese social media apps. “They call it ‘walking the line’,” Schultz says.

Almost 60,000 Chinese migrants have been detained for crossing the border illegally in the past 14 months, almost a quarter of them in California.

transnational repression

Open Source Intelligence

Walking the line / 走线

Actor, martial arts star and philosopher Bruce Lee said, “Be formless, shapeless, like water. Now you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle, it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend.”

Decentralized

This philosophy became important because we wanted a decentralized political movement.

“Be water” is also a methodology. In Hong Kong there is no single solution to a problem.

Trustlessness

Cao, while still a PhD student in police science and anti-terrorism, published an influential article on the way Israeli counterinsurgency theory should be used as an inspiration for counterterrorism in Xinjiang.

State media and policing theorists in China began to notice the shift in US militarism as early as 2007, when discussions of the “Petraeus Doctrine” (彼得雷乌斯主义), the new counterinsurgency manual named for General David Petraeus, signalled a transformation of military science around the globe

Negative space

Masculinities

male-centric

Exophonie / exophony

Otaku: database animals

toxic masculinity

meme

KechengFang Demystifying “Little Pink”: The creation and evolution of a gendered label for nationalistic activists in China

China’s digital nationalism

little pink

Dreadful Desires: The Uses of Love in Neoliberal China

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From Cyber-Nationalism to Fandom Nationalism

抽象 / Absurd